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华慧考博:如何进行考博英语作文备考？
面对考博作文的备考，有考生会说：“临考前我背背模版就行了。”有考生说：“我看到作文题目中文有很多思路，就是不知道如何有逻辑地表达出来。”也有考生会说：“我单词不能输出，词汇和语法没有基础，怕一写就错，还是先重点记单词、做阅读吧”。这些都反映了作文备考中的问题，华慧考博老师觉得需要逐一来解决。首先，考博作文一般都是议论文或者论说文，要求我们能够有逻辑、全面周到地对某一社会现象或者问题发表观点和看法。因此不能只背空洞的模版，但是我们可以根据议论文的特点和每句话的功能句组成一套自己的模版。那么议论文的结构和功能句是什么呢？我将其总结为三段。下面以一篇考博作文真题为例。题目要求如下：
Directions: Suppose you have watched a TV debate on whether the government should encourage people to buy cars. One side held the opinion that the government should on the ground that car consumption might contribute to the national economy, while the other side argued that the government shouldn't, because too many cars might cause a lot of social problems. You are supposed to write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic: The Issue of Cars. Marks will be awarded for content, organization and diction.
第一段是凤头，主要功能是开门见山，直奔主题，吸引读者注意，引入本文话题。因此可以分为事实现象引入句+主旨句+过渡句三个功能句。
写作是源于生活的，因此一篇文章的开头以社会问题或者现象来引入本文话题会显得更加自然。接着就应该要切题，符合题干要求。例如本文开头：
As China’s economy booms over the past years, nowadays more and more people can afford to buy cars.（社会现象引入） Recently, a debate on whether the government should encourage people to buy cars has shown on the TV.（主旨句—提出问题） One side is in favor of the view because they argue car consumption may contribute to the national economy while the other side holds the opposite opinion as they think too many cars may cause a number of social problems.（主旨拓展句）
第二段是猪肚，要求文章主体说理部分要有内容，有理有据。可以分为段落主题句+要点支撑句+细节拓展句的方式来展开。也就是段落首句一定要表达自己的中心观点，然后摆2-3个论据来支撑，而且论据还要进行细节拓展，可以通过解释原因、阐释后果、摆事实、举例子、对比等方式来让观点变得形象生动，有血有肉。
Personally speaking, I agree with the latter one from the following reasons. （段落主题句）To begin with, People often waste a lot of time in traffic jams.（要点支持句1）There is a common phenomenon that plenty of cars filling with the roads in the cities during the rush hours make the streets look like slowly moving parking lots, which lowers the efficiency of the whole society and increases the risks of traffic danger. （细节拓展句1）Besides congestion, accidents, cars are responsible for air pollution in big cities. （要点支持句1） All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere, causing diseases and even death. Last winter, car fumes formed heavy smog over Beijing, making the sky gloomy for weeks and deteriorating people's health（细节拓展句2）. This may also in turn trigger other chain reactions, such as the rise of the sea level and the deterioration of the habitat and living environment of wild life, which in the end, will bring negative effects on the life of human beings.（细节拓展句2）
最后一段是豹尾，结尾一定要有力度，要再次点题，并强调自己的观点，并且表达此事的愿景和希望。可以分为主旨总结句+（措施句）+表达愿景句。如果第二段有谈到不良的社会问题，第三段还需提出针对性的解决方法，措施必须有效。表达愿景最好与时事政治相联系，从而提升文章的格局和档次。
In a word, It is unwise to encourage people to buy many cars at the expense of environment. (主旨总结句) Cars are essentially no more than a means of transportation. Instead of encouraging people to buy cars, the government should make greater efforts to develop public transport, such as public buses and subways. And the relevant policies should be adopted to ease traffic pressure and parking problems, and reduce vehicle emissions. (问题解决句)Only by doing so can we avoid the negative impact of too many cars and build environmentally friendly society.（展望未来句）
由此，我们可以得出如果我们在备考过程中多看范文，积累这些功能句式和文章的写作思路提纲，并进行仿写，就能总结出自己的一套模版句式，并深入了解句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，从而解决上述考生在备考过程中遇到的困惑。
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