Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.

The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.

After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.

It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.

1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored

2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off

3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof

4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous

5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments

6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work

7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as

8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion

9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant

10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by

11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed

12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to

13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source

14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading

15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual

16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly

17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued

20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hiting

       1 ． A

　　解析： A 项 affect 意思是“影响，感动”； B 项 achieve 意思是“达成，完成”； C 项 extract 意思是“提取，榨出”； D 项 restore 是“恢复，重建” . 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是 A 。

　　2 ． B

　　解析：本题考查了固定短语 end up 的用法， end up 意思是“最终成为……”， end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选 B 。

　　3 ． C

　　解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。所以这里应选择 C 。

　　4 ． B

　　解析： 作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。四个选项中 perplexing 意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为 B 。

　　5 ． C

　　解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。四个选项中有描述含义的是 C 项 accounts 。

　　6 ． B

　　解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。 Do not matter 固定表达，故选 B 。

　　7 ． D

　　解析：考查 so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。

　　8 ． A

　　解析： A 项 awareness 意思是“意识”， B 项 expectation 意为“期望”， C 项 sentiment 意为“”观点，意见， D 项 illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象 - 这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。所以选 A 。

　　9 ． C

　　解析：见第 8 题解析。

　　10 ． D

　　解析：见第 8 题解析。

　　11 ． C

　　解析： be subjected to 表示“服从于，与……一致 ’ ，为固定短语。

　　12 ． A

　　解析： contrary to 表示“与 … 相反“。根据语境提示，空白处需要填写一个能表示转折意味的链接词。

　　13 ． A

　　解析： 只有 evidence 一词可与 found 呼应，表示“发现或找到证据”。

　　14 ． D

　　misleading “欺骗性，误导性的”，意思上来看，符合语境所表达的意思。

　　15 ． B

　　解析： for example 与上句呼应，举例说明问题。

　　16 ． A

　　解析： duly 表示“准时地，在同一个时间地”，填入句中后意思表达更精确。

　　17 ． D

　　解析： 与前句 duly rose 呼应，递进说明问题，故应选 continue 。

　　18 ． C

　　解析： 此句意思与上句相反，说明另一种情况，故应使用转折词 but 。

　　19 ． B

　　解析： tend to do “倾向于做某事”，说明一种常规的事实。

　　20 ． D

　　解析： hit 能与 a plateau 搭配，意为“到达高地，触及顶点”，句意才符合语境。