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华慧考博英语中译英易错翻译分析
一、从句使用错误：
例1：要倡导环保意识、生态意识，构建全社会共同参与的环境治理体系，让生态环保思想成为社会生活中的主流文化。错误译文：We need to raise people’s awareness, develop a conservation system that everyone plays a part, and mainstream ecologic conservation in every aspect of social life.
分析：
错误1：“参与”是play a part in，那么定语从句的引导词应该是 in which, 不能用that。
错误2：“生态环保”一般使用 ecological conservation, 不用ecologic 生态学的。
正确译文：We need to raise people’s awareness, develop a conservation system in which everyone plays a part, and mainstream ecological conservation in every aspect of social life.
例2：中国的发展成就，是中国人民几十年含辛茹苦、流血流汗干出来的。千百年来，中华民族素以吃苦耐劳闻名于世。
错误译文：Chinese achievements in development over the past decades owe themselves to the hard work and preseverance of the Chinese people, that has defined the Chinese nation for several thousand years.
分析：
错误1：that has defined the Chinese nation for several thousand years使用错误，不知道that指代的是什么，为了句子结构清晰，可以先增译一个名词a quality来总结hard work and perseverance of the Chinese people，然后再定语从句。
错误2：“中国的发展成就”在句子中不能直接用Chinese achievements，因为这句话中有三个“中国”，翻译的时候应该尽量避免重复，“中国人民”和“中华民族”都必须有Chinese，但是“中国的发展成就”可以根据前文这里用Such achievements。
正确译文：Such achievements in development over the past decades owe themselves to the hard work and preseverance of the Chinese people, a quality that has defined the Chinese nation for several thousand years.
二、直译：
例1：文化和民风是一个国家的名片。错误译文: The culture and folkway is a name card for a country.,
分析：
错误1:“民风”这个词一般指一个地方的人怎么样，而不是“民习，民俗( folkway更多指种风俗，风气)。比如我们常说“一个地方民风淳朴”，就是指这里的人淳朴。“民风淳朴”常用simple and honest/nice people表示，所以“民风”翻译为people；
错误2：“.....的一个名片”可能很多学生会直译为is a name card for，这里其实是一种比喻的手法，翻译时应该去形象化翻译它的实际含义。“名片”的作用是让别人认识自己，那么国家的名片就是让世界更加了解这个国家，所以“是一个国家的名片”翻译为make a country known to the world。
正确译文: Culture and people make a country known to the world.
注：Culture和people在这里是两个抽象的概念，所以都不加the，谓语动词是make。
例2：不仅成功解决了近14亿人口的吃饭问题，而且居民生活质量和营养水平显著提升，粮食安全取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。
错误译文：China has solve the food problem of its nearly 1.4 billion people, and has remarkably improved the people's nutrition level and life quality.
分析：
错误1：“解决了近14亿人口的吃饭问题”不能直译为solve the food problem of its nearly 1.4 billion people，这里的意思是“有足够的粮食来供养14亿人”，所以是has enough food to feed its nearly 1.4 billion people。
错误2：“营养水平”直接说nutrition就可以，“水平”可以当范畴词不翻译。
正确译文: China now has enough food to feed its nearly 1.4 billion people, and has remarkably improved the people's nutrition and life quality.
三、主次错误:
例1：在没有疫苗和特效药的情况下，以传统隔离方式为主的非医疗干预是阻断重大疫情蔓延的最基本和最有效手段。错误译文：In the absence of vaccines or treatment protocols, self-isolation was a standard quarantine measure that was proved to be the most effective non-medical means to stop the spread of the virus.
分析：
错误1：“非医疗干预”是次要成分，不能作为主干；“非医疗干预是阻断重大疫情蔓延的最基本和最有效手段”是这句话的重心，应该翻译为主句。
错误2：prove 这个词一般是主动做被动理解，直接是proved to be...，不是was proved to be。
正确译文：In the absence of vaccines or treatment protocols, self-isolation, as a standard quarantine measure, proved to be the most effective non-medical means to stop the spread of the virus.
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