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华慧考博英语-考博英语常规阅读题--主旨题（2）
考博英语大部分院校笔试英语题目中，都会有常规阅读题型，关于常规阅读中的文章主旨题，华慧考博老师在前面某期的文章中有讲过段落主旨题如何作选和答题。今天华慧考博老师来谈一谈整体段落大意题，中心思想或者最佳题目等等这类主旨大意题。“中心思想”是大多数阅读文章常考的项目之一，它考察考生快速获取文章最重要信息的能力。下面华慧考博老师就以2020年医学博士统考英语阅读第五篇文章为例，来分析一下如何做主旨题。例题：
In medical terminology, the words history and physical almost always appear together in that order. As a physician, you do not engage a patient in the neurological examination until you’ve gathered the details of his or her debilitating headaches.
But at one time in our medical careers, we are instructed to perform the most thorough physical examination possible without learning so much as the patient’s name. All we are given is an anatomy tabel number, an age, and a cause of death. We work our way through the anatomy lab-inspecting, searching, and feeling every muscle, bone, and organ-amnd we write our patients’ histories ourselves.
To better understand the life of the woman who had donated her body for my education, I created the Obituary (讣告) Writing Program at Georgetown University during my first year of medical school. I worked with an obituary writer, Emily Langer, to develop a worshop to help interested medical sutdents reflect on the lives that their corposes may havelived. She instructed us on the art of weaving disconnected memories into a single story. A series of creative writing prompts resulted in one students’ story of a dramatic football injury occuring in the middle of a competitive match. This moment in his corp’s life was imagined fromn a pink prosthetic (假体) hip beneath massive layers of muscle.
The first conversation with my donor’s son lasted over an hour despite my initial fear that I would ask the wrong questions or offer the wrong words of sympathy. His mother was a small-town farm girl form Wisconsin. Dr. Carol Kennedy, Georgetwon University School of Medicine, Class of 1972. She was a devout Ctholic who considered being a physician a privilege and an opportunity to serve others. She watned to continue to serve even after her death by donating her body to Georgetwon University in order to educate future medical students like me.
We have finally put the history in its rightful place before the physical-students now interview the families of their donors before making the first cut in the anatomy lab. Our corpses are our first counterparts in the privileged patient-physician relationship, and now we are able to begin that partnership just as we hope to do throughout the rest of our medical careers.
85. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. History Taking in the Anatomy Lab
B. Writing Skills for Medical Students
C. Dr. Carol Kennedy: a Devoted Georgetown Graduate
D. Patient-physician Relationship: a Historical Review
通过审题，我们发现这道题是需要我们从四个选项中选取一个最佳题目给文章做标题。一般遇到这样的题，建议首先把四个选项的意思通读理解。选项A“在解剖实验室里了解病史”；选项B“医学生的写作技巧”，选项C“卡罗尔•肯尼迪博士：乔治城大学的忠实毕业生”；选项D“医患关系：历史回顾”。
然后我们可以回到原文文章中，将每一段的首句进行理解分析。接着将这些信息加以串联，然后综合得出结果，看看更接近哪个选项的意思。首先我们看到文章第一句“In medical terminology, the words history and physical almost always appear together in that order”，可知这里文章开头就提到了了解病史和给病人看病或者给尸体做体检的之间的关系。第二段第一句“But at one time in our medical careers, we are instructed to perform the most thorough physical examination possible without learning so much as the patient’s name. 但是，曾经在我们的职业生涯里，我们甚至不需要知道病人的姓名，就被要求给病人做全面的体检”。
接着第三段第一句“To better understand the life of the woman who had donated her body for my education, I created the Obituary (讣告) Writing Program at Georgetown University during my first year of medical school.为了更为清楚的了解将遗体捐献给我做研究的某位女士的生活，我在乔治城大学针对医学一年级新生创建了讣告写作项目。”结合第四段第一句“The first conversation with my donor’s son lasted over an hour despite my initial fear that I would ask the wrong questions or offer the wrong words of sympathy.和我的捐献者的儿子的第一次对话持续了一个小时，尽管我一开始很害怕我会问错问题或者说一些表达不当同情的话。”
由第二段到第四段这三段首句的可推测，作者自己创建了讣告写作项目，帮助医学学生了解他们所面对的尸体（死者）生前的生活。由此可知，文章第三段和第四段首句都是对于作者实验室讣告项目的介绍和解释说明。再看最后一段第一句“We have finally put the history in its rightful place before the physical-students now interview the families of their donors before making the first cut in the anatomy lab. 我们终于把这段历史放在了它应有的位置上—在解剖实验室进行第一次解剖之前，学生们就要采访捐赠者的家人。”由此可知，文章全篇的侧重点都是在强调“医学生要在解剖之前，在实验室里面了解尸体的生前生活或者说病史”。由此可见，与选项A最为吻合和契合。
总结：面对文章的主旨题，或者是选最佳题目的考查题，我们可以从文章每段的首句（有时候是首句或尾句，在考研阅读中，通常我们称之为“首尾句串读法”）串联信息，灵活而仔细的分析段落之间信息存在转折之处，综合加工和推断，最后才能得出文章的主旨和中心。
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