考博英语语法：状语从句和同位语从句的写法

不论是在阅读中还是在写作中，状语从句和同位语从句都是经常碰到和用到的语法知识。接下来华慧考博老师就通过一篇文章给大家讲清楚状语从句和同位语从句的构成、特征和写法。

一、状语从句的写法

位置：位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。

形成：引导词＋从句（陈述语序）

分类：根据其在句中的不同作用分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句等。

时态：主现从任、主过从过、主将从现

Examples：

Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.

在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的或根本不可能的。

The higher income tax is harmful because it may discourage people from trying to earn more.

更高的收入税是有害的，因为它或许会阻碍人们努力赚钱。

Although he was exhausted, he kept on working.

虽然他已经筋疲力尽，但仍然继续工作。

Tomorrow will be a sunny day if the moon is bright tonight.

如果今晚月亮明亮，明天将是一个晴朗的日子。

Exercises：

如果您有任何问题，请随时联系我。

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at anytime.

无论我们面临什么困难或处境，那些有能力分析各种因素并将它们整合在一起的人更接近成功。

Whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have the ability of analyzing the ingredients and integrating them together are nearer to success.

虽然做出选择对于决定前进的方向必不可少，但坚持才是促使我们振作精神，并帮助完成学习和工作的不可或缺的动力。

Although making a choice is essential to help determine the direction of our way, persistence functions as an indispensable driving force to keep up our spirit and to assist us to fulfill our study and work.

根据上述讨论可知，很明显，坚持是成功的先决条件，因为生命是一段漫长的旅程，坚守启程的初衷方能抵达终点。

From the preceding discussion, it is readily apparent that persistence is a pre-requisite on our way to success, since life is a long journey and sticking to why we start is a must to the destination.

二、同位语从句的写法

形成：同位语从句对名词做进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，最常见的是由that或whether引导，构成“that/whether+主语+谓语/系动词 + 其他成分”。

位置：同位语从句一般是紧跟在所修饰的词后，但是，由于表达不同意义的需要，有时也可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被其他句子成分（如定语、状语、谓语等）隔开。

可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion, possibility, decision等抽象名词。其中question后面跟的同位语从句通常由whether引导。

时态：同位语从句的时态根据实际情况而定，无固定的规律。

Examples：

The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.

我们队赢了决赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.

我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.

学生家长有一种普遍的看法，认为学校不再注重拼写了。

Exercises：

据此我们可以得出结论，只有那些不断学习和具有坚持精神的人才有机会成功。

From what has been mentioned above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that only those who keep learning and cherish the spirit of persistence have opportunities to succeed.

显然，这幅漫画的作者关注的是这样一个事实，许多父母在教育孩子的时候往往忽视了他们自己的行为对孩子的影响。

Apparently, the author of the cartoon focuses on a fact that many parents, when educating their children, tend to neglect the impact of their own acts upon their children.

这幅漫画描绘了一个引人注目的场景：大批毕业生正处于通向未来的关键转折点上。

Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that a mass of graduates are at a critical turning point on the way to the future. 

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